Majalah Ilmiah UNIKOM
Vol.7, No. 2
204
H a l a m a n
that would be spent along with building–
life–cycle in context building as product of
architectural system or process, but implic-
itly Handler suggests that architectural
problems should be accomplished based
on a cradle–to–grave paradigm.
Within system of architecture, the archi-
tects might be merely interested with plan-
ning and designing building process. In
fact, they cannot avoid involvement of con-
struction officers, building operators, and
building users, along the production of the
building until the end of life of the building.
Therefore, building–life–cycle evaluation
can be carried out by system of architec-
ture, which can be analogized with LCA as
an instrument inherent in system of archi-
tecture.
Throughout “Sustainable Architecture”,
James Steele forwarded his consideration
about role of architects, environmental
economy, material, even study on sustain-
able architecture:
The role of architects to reach sustain-
able building or architecture instead of
sustainable product, represented by
energy conserved designs, usage of
relevant literature, applying traditional
wisdom, not regarding land as com-
modity, and responsive towards envi-
ronment.
Environmental economy substance
offered by suggesting estimating life–
cycle–costing.
Materials that should be aware of that
are extensively used all over the world
for instance aluminum, concrete, ply-
wood, and steel. To be precise energy
intensive materials are materials that
are produced by using a very large
amount of energy.
Curriculum applied should be anticipa-
tive to previous curriculum that has
applied value and norm which judged
nature as enemy to be conquered, and
not consider them as basis for life and
environment as a place where architec-
ture can and have to harmoniously fit
in.
Similar consideration advanced by Brenda
and Robert Vale throughout their “Green
Architecture”: “Architectural paradigm has
changed”, this statement forwarded since
there is tend to changes towards designs
of energy conserved, working with climate,
minimizes usage of new resources, re-
specting users, respecting site, and ho-
lism.
In the course of “Designing with Nature”,
Ken Yeang offering architectural design
concept by way of ecological approach.
The approach including analysis, synthe-
sis, and evaluation stages, which is based
on “Value in Building” theory from T. Mar-
kus in 1973. On evaluation stage, Yeang
has more taken notice to life cycle of every
step of evaluation criteria to be precise
production process, construction, con-
sumption, and recovery process. On those
stages Yeang considered architectural
design as cyclic system as “from source to
sink” that similar to cradle–to–grave that
is starting from resource extraction ended
at the unvalued condition.
Based on stated considerations, it can be
concluded that regarding architecture as a
system means keep concerning about
building–life–cycle in context of building
as product of system of architecture. How-
ever, considering architecture as a system
is the right step for architecture to take
place in responsibilities upon the decreas-
ing of natural resources mainly non–
renewable energy resources.
PROJECTION IN INDONESIA
There must be many Indonesian architec-
tural theorists and practitioners who have
had similar thought and commitment even
have been applying the design criteria,
which is formulated based on cradle–to–
grave paradigm though explicitly has not
showed yet the estimation of building–life
–cycle using sort of instrument such as
LCA.
However, merely commitment could be
Wanita Subadra Abioso